When the news broke that Gen. Stanley McChrystal was being fired by President Obama, I was conducting training at the U.S. State Department on how to deal with the media. My yearly Media Training course is for senior-level diplomats at our embassies and consulates abroad. The two-day course covers aspects of appearing effectively in the media, as well as handling oneself in the face of reporters’ ploys and tactics.
On Day Two, I discuss the differences between television, radio, and print journalism. I also point out the unique perils of speaking to newspaper and magazine reporters. It was at precisely this point in the workshop that the McChrystal news broke.
What a teaching opportunity!
Adding to the relevance of the breaking story was the fact that two of the workshop participants were posted to the Middle East-Southwest Asia region. These are diplomats for whom events in Afghanistan have a direct and immediate impact.
So what is the lesson I teach regarding handling oneself with a print reporter? There are three critical concerns:
Print Media Have Time to Burn (You)
Print reporters usually have more time to spend with sources than T.V. and radio journalists. Broadcast deadlines are relentless and fixed: If the news breaks today, then the story must be fully in place for the six o’clock news, the on-the-hour radio broadcast, the signature political show on cable, or the Sunday morning talk shows. The 24-hour news cycle is voracious. It demands tasty tidbits and the freshest ingredients for its entrees, and it will not hesitate to suction all such fodder into its maw.
Newspapers and magazines create banquets with slower-cooked, richer dishes. Print journalists often have the time to conduct research on their subject or interviewee. They may be part of a “spotlight” or investigative team that works months on a story. Since they don’t face La Broadcast Dame sans Merci, print reporters can often afford time to educate themselves on a story--and subsequently may question their sources more knowledgeably and precisely.
Print Reporters Can Hang (You)
Here, perhaps, lies the greatest danger for sources, as Gen. McChrystal and his subordinates learned to their sorrow. Because their stories are often more in-depth than those on television, radio, or online, print journalists have fewer restrictions on the amount of time they can spend with sources. They can hang. The Rolling Stone reporter who wrote the McChrystal article, for instance, spent parts of an entire month with the general and his staff.
When reporters and their sources hang out together, they don’t spend all of their time in hard-backed chairs in an office, or folding stools in a military tent. There will be lunches and dinners; time spent chatting in local watering holes, remarks made while waiting for taxis or drivers to arrive.
The Game (You) Is Played Differently
We naturally trust people more if we spend a lot of time with them. But print journalists have the added advantage of disguise! Television and radio personalities constantly remind us who they are visually: They bring with them camera operators, sound technicians, boom microphones, recording equipment and sound booths, and most obvious of all, broadcast trucks.
The print reporter carries a humble notebook, or nothing at all. No “on” or “off” switch reminds us when the recording stops. It is when the sit-down interview ends, in fact, that the source is at greatest peril. Unless one requests a ground rule of “off the record” at this or any other time, and it is accepted by the reporter, you must assume that the interview is still going on.
It is often when the reporter and source have strolled out of the interview room and are chatting of other things, that the unguarded remark that should never have been uttered is expressed.
Jimmy Carter may have lusted in his heart for other women and left the rest of us blissfully unaware of the fact, but he volunteered the information to a Playboy reporter after their interview was “over” and the reporter was leaving the Carters’ home.
As famed media adviser Roger Ailes reminds us, “Recognize that any time you are in the presence of a newsperson, the conversation is fair game for the record.”
Wouldn’t you agree, Gen. McChrystal?
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